The goal of artificial disc replacement is to reduce pain and improve mobility in patients with chronic low-back (lumbar) pain. It is a new procedure that is being considered as an alternative to spinal fusion surgery. A risk associated with spinal fusion is accelerated degeneration of discs at adjacent levels of the spine.

Spinal discs are located between the bones or vertebrae of the spine and act as cushions or shock absorbers for the vertebrae. The discs also contribute to the flexibility and motion of the spinal column.
 

The discs consist of two parts:

• The inner portion: a jelly-like material

• The outer portion: a stronger, fibrous material
   

During the aging process, discs can weaken and develop tears or cracks in the outer portion, resulting in degenerative disc disease. Additionally, the inner portion may bulge out and press against the outer portion, resulting in pain.

The purpose of artificial disc replacement is to replace the worn out disc while also preserving the spine’s motion. The result is reduced back pain and no increased risk of problems developing at an adjacent level of the spine.
 

What are the risks of treatment? Is the treatment safe?

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved the first artificial disc for use in the United States. The procedure was judged by the FDA to be safe and effective. We do not yet know the long-term results as this study only looked at two years of results. Like any operation there are risks, but the risks were no higher than those of a fusion. Only with long term follow-up will we know for certain how safe and effective this procedure. To date the results are promising if used for the correct indication.

Risks of surgery are dependent on the individual, please discuss your risk level with your surgeon, prior to surgery.

 

How do I prepare for surgery?

Quit smoking if you smoke, exercise on a regular basis to improve your recovery rate, stop taking any non-essential medications and any herbal remedies which may react with anesthetics or other medications and ask your surgeon all the questions you may have.
 

What should I do the night before surgery?

There are no special requirements before this type of surgery other than not having anything to eat or drink after midnight. Some physicians require patients to undergo a bowel preparation. Be sure to ask your surgeon for any specific requirements before surgery.

 

Are there exercises I can start now prior to surgery?

Any activity that increases your level of fitness will make recovery easier. Walking, swimming, and cycling seem to be preferred choices for patients with low back pain.

 

What happens during surgery?

During surgery, an incision is made on the abdomen and the spine is exposed by moving the abdominal contents out of the way. The disc is removed and any collapse of the disc is restored. Two metal plates are placed into the disc space. A plastic bearing is placed between these discs to allow them to move.

 

What happens after surgery?

Most patients are out of bed and walking on the evening of surgery. Hospital stay is one to two days. There are some activity restrictions for the first month and then patients can return to normal activities. Be sure to ask your surgeon for a complete list of activity restrictions.
 

How long is the recovery period after surgery?

Most patients have returned to regular activities between six and eight weeks after surgery.

What is the rehab after surgery?

For most patients, a self directed walking and stretching program is all the rehabilitation they need during the first four weeks after surgery. After this period, an abdominal strengthening program may help those who were very deconditioned prior to surgery.

 

How can I manage at home during recovery from the procedure?

Most patients are able to function at home without extra assistance. It may be helpful to have some meals prepared in advance for the first few days after returning home. Patients may take showers after five to seven days, however they can use a shower stool may after first week or two.

 

How frequently should I schedule follow up appointments with my doctor following surgery?

Typically, patients are seen at four to six weeks, three months, six months, one year and once a year after the first year. Disc replacement patients will need to be seen every year or two for the life of the disc replacement, similar to patients with hip or knee replacements. This is to ensure the implant is not worn out.